饱汉模式

基础的饱汉

// 饱汉
// UnThreadSafe
public class Singleton1 {
  private static Singleton1 singleton = null;
  private Singleton1() {
  }
  public static Singleton1 getInstance() {
    if (singleton == null) {
      singleton = new Singleton1();
    }
    return singleton;
  }
}

饱汉 - 变种 1

// 饱汉
// ThreadSafe
public class Singleton1_1 {
  private static Singleton1_1 singleton = null;
  private Singleton1_1() {
  }
  public synchronized static Singleton1_1 getInstance() {
    if (singleton == null) {
      singleton = new Singleton1_1();
    }
    return singleton;
  }
}

饱汉 - 变种 2

// 饱汉
// UnThreadSafe
public class Singleton1_2 {
  private static Singleton1_2 singleton = null;

  public int f1 = 1;   // 触发部分初始化问题
  public int f2 = 2;
  private Singleton1_2() {
  }
  public static Singleton1_2 getInstance() {
    // may get half object
    if (singleton == null) {
      synchronized (Singleton1_2.class) {
        if (singleton == null) {
          singleton = new Singleton1_2();
        }
      }
    }
    return singleton;
  }
}

饱汉 - 变种 3

// 饱汉
// ThreadSafe
public class Singleton1_3 {
  private static volatile Singleton1_3 singleton = null;

  public int f1 = 1;   // 触发部分初始化问题
  public int f2 = 2;
  private Singleton1_3() {
  }
  public static Singleton1_3 getInstance() {
    if (singleton == null) {
      synchronized (Singleton1_3.class) {
        // must be a complete instance
        if (singleton == null) {
          singleton = new Singleton1_3();
        }
      }
    }
    return singleton;
  }
}

饿汉模式

// 饿汉
// ThreadSafe
public class Singleton2 {
  private static final Singleton2 singleton = new Singleton2();
  private Singleton2() {
  }
  public static Singleton2 getInstance() {
    return singleton;
  }
}

Holder模式

// Holder模式
// ThreadSafe
public class Singleton3 {
  private static class SingletonHolder {
    private static final Singleton3 singleton = new Singleton3();
    private SingletonHolder() {
    }
  }
  private Singleton3() {
  }

  /**
  * 勘误：多写了个synchronized。。
  public synchronized static Singleton3 getInstance() {
    return SingletonHolder.singleton;
  }
  */
  public static Singleton3 getInstance() {
    return SingletonHolder.singleton;
  }
}

枚举模式

基础的枚举

// 枚举
// ThreadSafe
public enum Singleton4 {
  SINGLETON;
}

丑陋但好用的语法糖

枚举型单例模式的本质

// 枚举
// ThreadSafe
public class Singleton4 extends Enum<Singleton4> {
  ...
  public static final Singleton4 SINGLETON = new Singleton4();
  ...
}

用枚举实现一些trick

// 枚举
// ThreadSafe
public enum Singleton4_1 {
  SINGLETON("enum is the easiest singleton pattern, but not the most readable") {
    public void testAbsMethod() {
      print();
      System.out.println("enum is ugly, but so flexible to make lots of trick");
    }
  };
  private String comment = null;
  Singleton4_1(String comment) {
    this.comment = comment;
  }
  public void print() {
    System.out.println("comment="   comment);
  }
  abstract public void testAbsMethod();
  public static Singleton4_1 getInstance() {
    return SINGLETON;
  }
}

总结